![]() In any printed circuit board design, it is almost impossible to maintain a constant impedance of the transmission path from transmitter to receiver. ![]() Any change in the characteristic impedance results in reflections which manifests itself into noise on the signal. To ensure good signal integrity, it is important to maintain a constant impedance at every point along the way. A uniform transmission line terminated in its characteristic impedance will have a constant ratio of voltage to current at a given frequency at every point on the line. Likewise, the current passing through them produces a corresponding magnetic field. As the leading edge of a signal propagates down a transmission line, the electric field strength between two oppositely charged conductors creates a voltage between them. One conductor is the signal path and the other is its return path. A transmission line is any two conductors with some length separated by a dielectric material.
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